Organisational Behavioral Disciplines Essay

Before we start, we must first understand what Organizational Behaviour is. Organizational Behaviour is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, group dynamics, and structure have on behaviour within the organizations and its effective use for the purpose of such knowledge towards improving its performance.A multidisciplinary field devoted to understanding individual and group behavior, interpersonal processes, and organizational dynamics. . Organizational behavior is built upon contributions from a number of behavioral disciplines/sciences, this is too understand, manage and predict effectively in a work environment. The first in psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and political science. Psychology is the science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans. It is used to improve organizational effectiveness and the work of individual in the organization. This is the learning, perceptions, personality, emotions, training, leadership effectiveness, decision–making, fatigue, boredom, and other factors relevant to working conditions that could impede efficient work performance. More recently, their contributions have been expanded to include, job satisfaction, decision-making processes, performance appraisals, attitude measurement, employee selection techniques, work design, and job stress. Sociology; Sociology studies people in relation to their fellow human beings to improve organizational performance. Some of the areas within Organizational behaviour that have received valuable input from sociologists are group dynamics, design of work teams, organizational culture, formal organization theory and structure, organizational technology, communications, power, and conflict. Social psychology Social psychology blends concepts from both psychology and sociology. It focuses on the influence of the people on one another. One of the major areas under considerable investigation by social psychologists has been, how to implement it and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance. Yet we find social psychologists making significant contributions in the areas of measuring, understanding, and changing attitudes, communication patterns, building trust, the way in which group activities can satisfy individual needs, and group decision-making process. Anthropology Anthropology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. For instance, anthropologists’ work on cultures and environments has helped us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behaviour between people in different countries and within different organizations. Much of our current understanding of organizational culture, organizational environments, and differences between national cultures is the result of the work of anthropologists or those using their methods. Political Science Political science studies the behaviour of individuals and groups within a political environment. Specific topics of concern here include the structuring of conflict, allocation of power, and how people manipulate power for individual self-interest. Challenges in Organizational behaviour Similar to the evolution of man and its environment there has been a substantial change in the approach for better productivity within an organization through the brainstorming efforts applied by a business executive /entrepreneur. Understanding organizational behaviour within a corporation and particularly the factors influencing the organizational behaviour of a single entity has become the key to the success of any organization. There is no one single approach to organizational behaviour which is best for all organizations; instead, organizations/companies or businesses must evolve the system which works best for them with the help of effective planning and technological support which changes over time as their current work environment and the individuals within that current work environment similarly. They are seven organizational behaviour current work challenges I have noted: I.One of the major current work challenges of organizational behaviour is finding ways to motivate employees as a way to improve activity. Some of the ways organizations improve productivity within the organization is to empower the employees. When organizations and businesses empower its employees, it gives them a sense of loyalty to the company because they feel like they are part of the success of the business. II.Second of the challenges of organizational behaviour is hiring the right employees for the company. Hiring the right employees for the organization is not only about finding the people with the skills and knowledge that the position requires, but also employees that fit into the organizational culture or can help to improve employee relations. For example, it can be de-motivating to employees if upper management is not open to progressive thoughts and actions that can move the business forward. Hiring a progressive and forward thinking executive manager who also has the experience and knowledge can help to give the employees a new outlook on the company. III.Third of the main challenges of organizational behaviour is how to run a productive organization but also show its employees that it cares about them as well. In other words, it is about helping employees find the right work-life balance. For example, a company that provides an on-site clinic center as an employee benefit or at a reduced cost is one way for the company to show that it cares about its employees both professionally and personally. This can lead to the employees contributing to organizational behaviour and culture in a positive manner. IV.Another example in challenges of organizational behaviour is overcoming ethnic and cultural diversity among employees. Because different employees have different beliefs, opinions and ways of working, it can be challenging for employees to work together because of these differences. Some organizations choose to offer diversity training courses or workshops to help overcome these issues. The point is to illuminate how the diversity of an organization actually makes it better for the different benefits that each of the employees bring to the table. V.It is easy for corporate scandals to reach the public within a short time. Organizations often have policies that facilitate ethical behaviour within the workplace. The challenge for managers is to promote an ethical organizational behaviour and culture such that employees will not put their individual interests ahead of organizational interests. Personal interest is an aspect of organizational behaviour and managers face the task of encouraging group interest over personal interest so as to preserve ethical values. VI.Last but not least, Individual employee problems can be personality conflicts, supervisor issues, personal trauma or company structure oriented. Organizations must learn the cause of the problem and who or what keeps â€Å"fuelling the fire.† If there is no clear trigger, the answer could fall back to insufficient or confusing communications. For example, an employee in a decentralized organization may feel they must answer to multiple supervisors if the chain of command is not communicated clearly. VII.Finally, Information technology plays an integral role in workplace communication. Additionally, workplace communication also influences how people and groups behave in the organization. Although technology brings with it efficiency in collating and disseminating knowledge, it can also alienate individuals such as the elderly within the organization. The challenge here is in finding ways in which technology promotes organizational communication and inclusion rather than exclusion and discrimination. Conclusion Various challenges confront organizations within the context of organizational behaviour. With new challenges arising every day, there’s a need for adaptation in the current work environment. With the use of technology and team building tasks, one can achieve a good working environment leading to a motivated and sustained work force.

Organizational Change in Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organizational Change in Policing - Essay Example "Generally, with the expansion of complexities in the societal life, the public has gradually abdicated its role in peacekeeping and law enforcement and increasingly expected police to take on these responsibilities, which were once a citizen's civic duty (JOHN HOWARD SOCIETY)ii". Again, "Law enforcement agencies are in an era of change. The needs of communities and constituencies, rapid technological growth and enhancements, and the changing capabilities and structures of law enforcement organizations demand that agencies regularly examine and improve their ways of operation (Sewell, 2002)iii". that there is no needs of organizational changes while others advocate the sheer necessity of it. It is commendable that a particular system working once well may not be the same at the subsequent period. Thus, the organizational structure fit for a particular time may not suit the changed circumstances. Again, the overall situation is becoming more complex with the changing circumstances as including the rigid organizational structure. Complexities in the police organizations impede the well functioning in it. "A 1983 study that a surprise number of police officers have begun to voice strong objections to the rigid organizational structure and autocratic style management styles that typifies so much of law enforcement (Tafoya)iv". Manifold crimes, such as cyber crimes, cross-border crimes etc. are taking place. Commendably, the traditional method of policing cannot properly address the challenges of the present context. The existing mechanism of policing does not serve the purpose of making the police responsive to the public demand. The system also not contributes to create innovation among the officers, which is necessary for earning perfection in the profession. Again, the philosophical difference among the officers is another impediment in implementing better policing. Earlier, the law administrators and the officers were accustomed to the concept of coercion in the law enforcement activities while the law enforcement officers entering in the recent days do not comply with the rigorous principle of order or command. So, a conflict arises between the law enforcement personnel as well as the law administrators causing maladjustment in preserving the discipline among the officers. However, for the better sake of people, in curbing these crimes traditional mechanism of crime prevention in most countries has not been changed. Thus, organizational change has mostly been expected in the modern policing. Of course, there are certain consequences of organizational changes. The consequences may be that the current societal expectation does not suit with the changes. Thus, the society would be pressed with anarchy and injustices. Organizational changes are sure to affect both the organization and the members of it. However, the policies and strategies in the policing of the coming days warrant changes for radically experiencing

Emergency Assignment for the subject Business Law. Writer MUST be ON Essay

Emergency Assignment for the subject Business Law. Writer MUST be ON TIME. Writer needs to send me some progresses on the 20thMarch UK time for tutor's permi - Essay Example The treaty of Rome 1957 established the European atomic energy community (EURATOM). A second treaty of Rome 1957 established the European Economic Community (EEC), now contained in the treaty of European Union 1992, consolidated into the treaty of Amsterdam. These are laws approved by the institutions of the European Union through the procedures defined within the treaties. This is mainly concerned with economic matters such as free trade, agriculture and transport. They represent the bulk of community legislation. This legislation most affects business and consumers. For instance Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the council of 11 February 2004, establishing common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and cancellation or long delay of flights. i) EU regulations: these are of general application in their entirety and directly applicable in all member states without the need for further legislation. They confer individual rights and duties which the national courts of the member states must protest. The object is to obtain uniformity of law throughout the member states. ii) EU directives: they are binding on all member states as to the objectives to be achieved within a certain time limit and member states must adopt measures to meet the stated objectives. ... es: they are binding on all member states as to the objectives to be achieved within a certain time limit and member states must adopt measures to meet the stated objectives. National authorities have the choice of form and means to be used. Directives have no legal force in member states until they are transposed into national laws. Decisions by ECJ: Are binding on all national courts in all the member states; but ECJ is not bound by its own previous decisions. In Walts v Bedford Primary care Trust, May 2006, Mrs. Walts travelled to France for hip surgery, due to a 1 year waiting list in the UK for the same operation. She argued that the NHS should reimburse her costs for the trip to France and the surgery. The ECJ agreed that in cases of "undue delay" the NHS should reimburse the costs iii) EU decisions: - These may be addressed either to member states or to an individual or institution. They are a formal method of enunciating policy decisions and they are binding on those to whom they are addressed. iv) EU recommendations and opinions: - are not binding but express the council's or commission's view on policy to the member states or to the individuals to which they are addressed. Whilst recommendations and opinions are not legally binding, they have political and moral significance and can be preliminary requirements to subsequent mandatory rules. 3. Case law - THE DOCTRINE OF PRECEDENT Case law includes judgments of the European court of Justice and of the European court of First instance, for example; in response to referrals from the commission, national courts of the member states or individuals. These types of legislation comprise the acquis communauitaire. Case law involves the following principles: 1. Stare decisis: This refers to

Assignment 1 is Thesis Critique and Assignment 2 Article Critique Essay

Assignment 1 is Thesis Critique and Assignment 2 Article Critique - Essay Example The study is important in that it contributes to the creation of more theoretical knowledge in the field of study, through creating a clear understanding of alcoholism and the factors that contributes to such a practice. In contributing to the theoretical knowledge, the study differentiates the normal contributory factors to alcoholism, to display the particular ones that are related to individuals with parental responsibilities (Kalekye, 2010). Additionally, the study contributes to more knowledge in the field of study by providing new methodologies, policies, and practices applicable in controlling this practice. The study suggests how rehabilitation, counseling, and family support can be applied to help such individuals overcome the addiction and take up the parental responsibilities. However, the study lacks well-defined research variables. Sampling Techniques and Sample The samples for use in the study were obtained from the central province of Kenya, arguably since it is the mo st affected of all the regions. Random sampling was used to identify the households from which individuals will be sampled. Stratified and systematic sampling techniques were used to identify the particular individuals who will be investigated from such households (Kalekye, 2010). Thus, a sample of 1054 households, consisting of 3172 individuals with parental responsibilities was applied for the study, running between 2008 and 2010. In consideration of the whole Kenyan population, and in regard to the diversity of the Kenyan communities, some of which consider alcoholism as a taboo, then this sample is not representative of the total population, and thus the findings may not be reliable to give the actual situation Design, Procedure, Instrumentation The study has effectively referred to previous studies undertaken in this field. A pilot study was also undertaken in 2008 (Kalekye, 2010). The study also analyzed references, by undertaking a literature review, such as reviewing the UNE SCO report of 2009 and the NACADA of 2010. Such evaluation was the basis of formation of the research hypothesis, which postulated that, there is a high rate of parental alcoholism and alcohol abuse in central Kenya region, more than in any other part of the country (Kalekye, 2010). Another hypothesis was that the children and spouses of alcoholics are more likely to be involved in alcohol and other drugs abuse (Kalekye, 2010). The study has stated its problem, objectives, and hypothesis in a clear and understandable manner. Both Quantitative and qualitative methodologies were applied under the study. Questionnaires and interview guide were applied as the data collection instruments, which were more appropriate for the study. The rationale of applying such instruments is that it would take less time to administer and collect information, while also affording an opportunity to apply observation, which gives the real picture of the situation However, the sample considered was not suff icient to give reliable basis of the findings on the study. The procedure of the study is well defined; where the study first embarked on a pilot study in 2008. This was followed by developing and refining interview questions as well questionnaires. Then, the questions and questionnaires were administered and

Operations Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operations Management - Case Study Example Considering the initials sales for Britlon to be carried out in the year 2009, the expanding facilities need to be initiated soon. As the forecasts have shown slightly decreasing level of sales volume during the periods for 2006 to 2009, the full capacity of operation of the existing facilities are not required. Hence, reasonable levels of capacity estimation need to be undertaken for supporting the expected business volumes to be generated. This capacity forecasting is necessary because of the following reasons (Beasley, n.d.). The purchase of raw materials and their procurement process is to be analyzed properly to estimate the stock required to be maintained at each of the production locations. Thus the control on the inventory, planning the production process and its schedule all depends on the capacity that is available. This could also help the sales and logistics to plan their operations to ensure the support systems to meet the target volumes set from each plant. This could also help to give the feed back of possibility of future expansion or necessity in the reduction of the production for the overall operational efficiency. Capacity forecasting would also help the human resources department and financial department to ensure the allocations of resources at specific time to ensure smooth flow of operations. Also this would help to review the operations and help the top management to take strategic decisions that are vital for viable performance of the company. Based on these factors the, overall capacity at DSF is estimated as 40 million Kg of production capacity, which includes 30 million Kg of Britlon and 10 million Kg of Britlene. The production capacity for Britlene is planned to lower from the 5 fully working plants in 2006 to 3 fully working plants in 2009. With the information for the year 2006, the number of plants required would be five. But in 2008, at the existing rate of production, only four full capacity plants are needed. Thus the initial works of modification of facilities could be initiated during this time. One of the plants could stop the production and the necessary modification works could be started. This is expected to consume two years of time and by 2009 one fully operational plant for Britlon would be in place. Thus the expected sales of Britlon would be able to meet with this capacity. Thus in 2009, three plants for Britlene and one plant for Britlon would be in operation. Earlier to this, erection of two new facilities for the production of Britlon would be initiated at two different places attached to the existing sites. This project could be totally separate from the current production patterns. As it involved setting up of new facility, this might not hinder the operations at the above project locations too. This could be initiated in 2006 itself and hence by 2010, it would be possible for DSF to have three fully functional plants for production of Britlene and Britlon. Then the capacity available with DSF would be 15 million Kg of both Britlon and Britlene. Thus as per the forecast this capacity be enough to meet the expected volume of the sales. In 2009, one more Britlene plant could be modified to the have the capacity for the productio

Cyprus Agency of Quality Assurance and Accreditation Essay

Cyprus Agency of Quality Assurance and Accreditation - Essay Example In the United States, most of the control over education rests with the various state governments. Each state has different laws and objectives for education, but the states generally permit schools and colleges to operate with considerable independence and autonomy. As a result, American educational institutions can vary widely in the type and quality of their programs. To maintain consistent standards of education, the U.S. Department of Education has recognized private accrediting agencies whom it considers reliable, to develop the standards and accrediting procedures. Most other countries do not have a system of accreditation such as that used in the United States. Instead, they rely primarily on governmental agencies to monitor the quality of education provided by their schools and colleges. In Cyprus, however, private educational associations increasingly work with provincial governmental authorities to periodically assess the quality of colleges and universities. According to Babylon English-English, accreditation is a provision of credentials, delegation of authority; authorization, recognition of (school, a program of learning), http://dictionary.babylon.com/Accreditation A. It is the act of granting credit or recognition (especially with respect to educational institution that maintains suitable standards); "a commission is responsible for the accreditation of medical schools" Institutional accreditation indicates that an entire institution has met certain standards of educational quality. Institutional accreditation suggests that each of an institution’s parts—such as its academic departments or degree programs—contributes to the achievement of the institution’s main educational objectives. Most of the regional and national accrediting associations perform institutional accreditation.

Information system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Information system - Essay Example During his visit, he met Nandan Nilekani, then CEO of Infosys, one of India’s major IT companies and after one such meeting with him understood how world has become a â€Å"level playing field† and thus flatter. â€Å"Alas, I encountered the flattening of the world quite by accident†¦I was visiting the Indian high-tech capital, Bangalore†¦At one point, summing up the implications of all this, Nilekani uttered a phrase that rang in my ear†¦Tom, the playing field is being leveled.† (Friedman 2005). Globalization in hand with technology particularly IT has first ‘flattened’ the competitive field in IT sector and in other business sectors, secondly, made geographical boundaries invisible and thirdly, aided many Third World countries to elevate their economic status. So, this paper will critically analyze these IS centric arguments of Friedman using the principles of Information needs of organizations and Socio-technical systems Friedman divides globalization into three historical phases and also points out the key force which influenced globalization in each phase, and how the world became smaller after each phase. He terms the first phase as Globalization 1.0 and states that starting from the year 1492 and till 1800, the world shrunk from a large size to a medium size, with the mindset of people of those times to discover new places, search for places with resources and imperialistic tendencies, acting as the influencing force. Then, Globalization 2.0 was visible from 1800 to 2000, during which companies due to opening up of markets by various countries and importantly due to advancement of technologies, started globalizing and accessing new countries, thereby reducing the size of the world even further. Finally, Friedman writes about Globalization 3.0, which started around 2000 and is still continuing with more development. He states that in this present